Sildenafil Side Effects: What You Must Know Before Taking It

Sildenafil is a well-known medicine used primarily to treat Erectile Dysfunction (ED) in men. It is also prescribed under a different brand name for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH), a condition affecting the lungs and heart. 

While its benefits are widely accepted, it is important to be aware that Sildenafil may cause side effects in some users. These side effects can be temporary or more serious and long-lasting issues.

Understanding the Sildenafil side effects is important before starting treatment. This helps you use the medication safely and identify any warning signs that may require medical help. 

This article discusses the common, less common, and serious side effects linked to Sildenafil, helping you make an informed decision about its use.

Most common side effects of Sildenafil

Sildenafil belongs to a group called Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors or PDE5 inhibitors. It works by relaxing the blood vessels, especially in the penis or lungs, depending on the purpose for which it is taken.

Although effective, Sildenafil is not suitable for everyone. Like any other medicine, it can cause side effects, which vary from person to person.

Most people who take Sildenafil experience mild side effects, especially during the first few doses. These side effects usually go away on their own as the body gets used to the medication.

Here are the most common side effects:

• Headache: This is the most commonly reported side effect. It usually happens because Sildenafil increases blood flow and widens blood vessels.
• Flushing: Warmth or redness on face and neck is caused by widened blood vessels. Usually harmless and temporary.
• Indigestion or stomach discomfort: Some people may feel bloated or experience acid reflux. Taking the tablet after a light meal can help reduce this symptom.
• Nasal congestion: Blocked or runny nose is a common issue is due to blood vessel dilation in the nasal area.
• Dizziness: It is a result of lowered blood pressure. Avoid sudden movements or getting up too fast after sitting or lying down.
• Blurred vision or light sensitivity: Some users report seeing a blue tint or having trouble distinguishing between blue and green. This mostly goes away within a few hours.

Less common side effects

While not everyone experiences them, some users may have less common side effects, which can still cause discomfort. These may include:

• Muscle or back pain: Mild to moderate pain specially in the lower back, that usually fades with time.
• Nausea: It is usually mild. Taking Sildenafil with food may help prevent it.
• Skin rash: A rare side effect that could be an allergic reaction. Medical advice should be taken if a rash develops.
• Dry mouth or thirst: It affects blood flow and nerve signals which can reduce the production of saliva leading to dry mouth. 
• Fever or flu-like symptoms: Not very common, but may occur in some individuals. Should be reported if symptoms persist.

Serious Sildenafil side effects that need immediate attention

While rare, serious side effects may occur, especially in people with certain medical conditions or those who misuse the medicine. 

If you experience any of the following, stop taking Sildenafil and get medical help immediately:

• Chest pain or irregular heartbeat: It could be a sign of a heart-related issue. Do not ignore any chest discomfort during sexual activity.
• Sudden loss of vision or hearing: A rare but serious complication. It may happen suddenly and should be treated as an emergency.
• Priapism: A painful erection lasting more than 4 hours can damage the penis. This condition needs urgent medical treatment.
• Breathing difficulty or swelling of the face and throat: It may be because of an allergic reaction. Immediate medical attention is necessary.
• Seizures or convulsions: These are extremely rare, but have been reported. It should not be ignored.

Long-term use and side effects

There is limited research on the long-term side effects of Sildenafil, especially when used frequently or at high doses. However, potential long-term concerns may include:

• Heart health risks in people with pre-existing heart conditions.
• Eye problems, such as permanent changes in vision, are rare.
• Dependency on medication, especially in men using it recreationally or without medical advice.

Doctors recommend regular monitoring if Sildenafil is used on a long-term basis, particularly for PAH.

Who is at risk of side effects?

Some people may be more prone to side effects than others. The risk increases if:

• You have heart problems, Low Blood Pressure, or a history of stroke.
• You have liver or kidney issues.
• You are taking medicines like Nitrates, alpha-blockers, or certain antibiotics and antifungal medicines.
• You are over 65, as older adults process medicines more slowly.

Alcohol and food interactions

Alcohol can increase the chances of dizziness and Low Blood Pressure. It can also reduce the effectiveness of the medicine.

Grapefruit and its juice can interfere with how Sildenafil is absorbed and broken down in the body. This may increase side effects and delay the onset of action.

Fatty meals can slow the absorption of Sildenafil, making it take longer to work. For best results, it is often advised to take it on an empty stomach or after a light meal.

What to do if you experience side effects

In case of: 

• Mild side effects: Usually does not require treatment. Staying hydrated, resting, and avoiding alcohol is advised.
• Moderate side effects: Consult your doctor. They may suggest a lower dose or switch to a different medication.
• Severe side effects: Stop using the medicine immediately and seek emergency medical attention.

Never increase the dose or frequency of this ED medicine without consulting a doctor, even if you think the medicine is not working fast enough or strong enough.

Conclusion

Sildenafil is a widely used for treating Erectile Dysfunction and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. However, like all medicines, it is not without risks. From mild effects like headaches and flushing to rare but serious complications such as chest pain or vision loss, the side effects of Sildenafil should not be taken lightly.

Being informed about these Sildenafil side effects allows you to use the medicine responsibly and recognize warning signs early. Always follow your doctor’s instructions, avoid mixing Sildenafil with alcohol or other medicines, and never exceed the prescribed dose. 

Special caution should be taken by individuals with heart problems, Low Blood Pressure, or those on medications like Nitrates.

If you notice any unusual symptoms, whether mild or severe, do not ignore them. 

By staying alert and using Sildenafil under proper medical supervision, you can benefit from its effects while minimizing potential risks.